Investigation of the Effect of Diabetes on Lower Limb Muscles with Surface Electromyography (EMG)

The ELECTROMYOGRAM (EMG) is a signal that indicates the muscle power and strength, It varies according to its type, location, and size of the muscle and other effectors, and in this project, it shows the muscle also affected by diseases like diabetes. The signals recorded were about 20 signals of cases (10 signals for normal cases and 10 signals for diabetes patients) after choosing three muscles in the lower limb (vastus lateralis (VL), TIBIALIS ANTERIOR (TA), and GASTROCNEMIUS medialis (GM)), each case apply three tests (standing, walking and stand over one foot) to know when the muscle affected greatly in which test and when the fatigue occurs. These signals were filtered carefully to eliminate the interface of other signals using three different stages according to the EMG frequencies (0.1 - 450) Hz. Three kinds of features were extracted (mean, standard deviation, and Shannon entropy) from EMG signals. The results show the variance between control muscles and patient muscles in amplitude and power where this variance increases whenever the duration and severity of the diabetes are increased.