Improving Constructing Explanations and Designing Solutions Skills based on NGSS through Project-Based Learning: A Systematic Review

Constructing explanation and designing solution (CEDS) skills focus on skills in next generation science standards (NGSS) which describe science and engineering objectives that can be supported by project-based learning (PjBL). The purpose of this study to determine if the PjBL could improve CEDS skills. The research method used meta-synthesis approach and the data comes from the results of research that has been conducted and published in national and international online journals. The results of a systematic review explain that learning steps in PjBL can be implemented in learning to improve skills in a claim, evidence, reasoning, generate designing solutions, criteria-constraints, and evaluating potential solutions. PjBL provides opportunities for students to access various forms of information needed and demonstrate it in different ways; actively involved in learning by making choices and decisions that show independent learners, and reflect on learning and make revisions based on self-assessment and feedback from the teacher.